Some fungal spores--we learned--can survive the winter in the vineyard and infect your vines year-after-year-after year. If you find that you have an infestation, then you have to eradicate it as effectively. When it comes to the canes we prune from the vines, read Substack #165 to find out what happens to them.

For out entire Vineyard Journal, visit: https://boundarybreaks.substack.com.